METHODS AND METHODOLOGIES USED IN THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS

MÉTODOS Y METODOLOGÍAS UTILIZADOS EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE

Abstract

Teaching methods are the most dynamic components of the teaching-learning process, since they are based on the actions of teachers and students. Some authors separate teaching methods from learning methods, when in reality they are closely related and form a dialectical unit. When applying a teaching method, it is necessary to keep in mind the logical operations that predominate at each stage of the learning process and prioritize those that facilitate the independent and creative activity of the students. These methods are very varied, since there are different classification criteria. The objective of this work is to relate the teaching-learning methods and methodologies taking into account the criteria of different authors with the original definition and to briefly explain the fundamental aspects of the methods and methodologies, highlighting their concept and classification, as well as their application in the different stages of learning. Among the most widespread classifications, those corresponding to the degree of participation of the subjects, the level of assimilation of the teaching content and the problem methods are briefly described. Finally, the stages of the learning process are explained and the teaching methods that are applied in each one are specified, and the following objectives are pursued: to provide teachers with a tool for the design of academic guides, to help the learning processes design of training actions for teachers in the development of the teaching-learning process and contribute to research in this field.