Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/unesum-ciencias.v8.n1.2024.61-74Palavras-chave:
ictus, cardiopatías, prevalencia, factores de riesgo, comorbilidadesResumo
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), principalmente la cardiopatía isquémica y los accidentes cerebrovasculares, son la principal causa de mortalidad mundial y un importante contribuyente a la discapacidad. La carga de las ECV se ve influida por determinantes genéticos, metabólicos, comportamentales, ambientales y sociales. Sin embargo, la baja actividad física y la presión arterial desempeñan un papel central como factores de riesgo para las ECV. Los casos prevalentes de ECV son de 523 millones en el 2019 y el número de muertes por estas patologías aumentó constantemente hasta alcanzar 18,6 millones en el mismo periodo, por lo que, en la actualidad, la cardiopatía y los accidentes cerebrovasculares fueron la primera y la segunda causa de muerte en América, mientras que a nivel mundial, el accidente cerebrovascular siguió siendo la segunda causa de muerte. Es evidente que monitorear la carga de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es de vital importancia, este artículo revisa la epidemiología total de estas, incluidas las causas subyacentes de muerte cardiovascular y los factores de riesgo relacionados, utilizando estimaciones mundiales y fuentes de datos disponibles a nivel de población sobre incidencia, prevalencia, letalidad, mortalidad y riesgos para la salud en los países de América Latina y el mundo en los últimos cinco años, de allí que se plantea esta actualización narrativa de diseño documental, que pretende aportar al conocimiento de este importante problema de salud pública, contribuyendo a las acciones de prevención e intervenciones efectivas para frenar la carga de las enfermedades ECV, especialmente en las regiones con índices sociodemográficos más bajos.
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