Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/unesum-ciencias.v8.n1.2024.61-74Keywords:
stroke, heart disease, prevalence, risk factors, comorbiditiesAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primarily ischemic heart disease and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. The burden of CVD is influenced by genetic, metabolic, behavioral, environmental and social determinants. However, low physical activity and blood pressure play a central role as risk factors for CVD. The prevalent cases of CVD are 523 million in 2019 and the number of deaths from these pathologies increased constantly to reach 18.6 million in the same period, so, currently, heart disease and strokes were the first and the second cause of death in America, while globally, stroke remained the second cause of death. It is evident that monitoring the burden of cardiovascular diseases is of vital importance, this article reviews the total epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases, including the underlying causes of cardiovascular death and related risk factors, using global estimates and available population-level data sources. on incidence, prevalence, lethality, mortality and health risks in Latin American countries and the world in the last five years, hence this narrative update of documentary design is proposed, which aims to contribute to the knowledge of this important problem of public health, contributing to prevention actions and effective interventions to curb the burden of CVD diseases, especially in regions with lower sociodemographic indices.
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