COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT DEFICITS IN CHILDREN LIVING IN SITUATIONS OF RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

Abstract

Cognitive development in childhood is a fundamental process for learning and social adaptation; however, it can be seriously affected when children grow up in contexts of rights violations. This article aimed to analyse cognitive development deficits in children living in situations of rights vulnerability through a documentary review of recent scientific and regulatory literature. The study was conducted under a qualitative approach, with a documentary and propositional design, using content analysis as the main technique. The results indicate that factors such as neglect, domestic violence, poverty, chronic malnutrition, and lack of early stimulation are significantly associated with impairments in key cognitive areas, including language, attention, memory, and learning processes. In addition, toxic stress was identified as a transversal factor that intensifies cognitive and socio-emotional impairments in adverse contexts. The reviewed literature also highlights the relevance of protective factors, such as supportive family environments, access to quality early childhood education, and timely educational and social interventions. It is concluded that addressing cognitive development deficits in childhood should focus on prevention, comprehensive protection, and inclusive education, promoting coordinated actions among family, school, and community to ensure children’s integral development and the full exercise of their rights.