Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of arterial hypertension in Ecuador: A comprehensive analysis from a review of the literature

Abstract

This study addresses arterial hypertension (AHT) as a critical public health problem in Ecuador; it examined its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and risk factors. A literature and documentary review methodology was used to analyze publications between 2018 and 2024, which included scientific articles, books, and theses available on recognized platforms such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Dialnet. This method ensured the accuracy and relevance of the information by applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a specific focus on studies on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors of arterial hypertension in Ecuador. The findings reveal significant variability in the prevalence of HT among different regions and demographic groups, highlighting the need for culturally tailored management and treatment approaches. The importance of early detection and effective management of HT was highlighted to prevent serious complications in vital organs and reduce associated mortality. The conclusions underscore the urgency of improving diagnostic and treatment strategies, integrating both pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications. It identifies the need for more personalized and culturally sensitive public health policies to address variability in the prevalence and management of HTN. The study also recommends strengthening public education and awareness of HT to encourage earlier detection and effective management, with a view toward future research that will delve deeper into the causes of the observed disparities and develop more effective intervention methods that consider genetic and environmental factors.