Biochemical parameters and kidney disease in patients with diabetes and hypertension: a systematic review 2020–2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/unesum-ciencias.v9.n3.2025.293-303Keywords:
Biomarcador, Renal, Hipertensión, Diabetes,, Hipertensos, Parámetros bioquímicosAbstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 1 in 3 people with diabetes and 1 in 5 with hypertension, and its early detection largely depends on serum and urinary biomarkers. The purpose was to synthesize the evidence published between 2020 and 2025 on the most commonly used or emerging biochemical parameters for the identification and monitoring of CKD in adults with diabetes and/or hypertension. Methodological assurance was achieved through a PRISMA systematic review. We carried out an exhaustive search regarding the information required for the research, for this we used several terms such as "Biomarker", "Renal", "Hypertension", "Diabetes", "Hypertensive", among others, likewise we managed to omit several terms that were not related to the subject, this search was developed through electronic pages with scientific origin Pubmed, Elsevier, Academic, Google, Science Direct, Scielo. Observational studies and clinical trials published during 2020 to 2025, original research, full-text articles, studies related to the research topic, research published in scientific journals were included. The main results showed that the markers were grouped into five subcategories: glomerular function (creatinine, eGFR, cystatin C), glomerular damage (albumin/urinary protein), tubular damage (KIM-1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP-7), inflammation-oxidative stress (IL-6, TNFR-1/2, MDA), and emerging biomarkers (FGF-23, extracellular vesicles). It is concluded that although creatinine-eGFR and albuminuria remain clinical pillars, cystatin C and tubular biomarkers offer greater sensitivity for early detection. Key gaps include pre-analytical standardization and validation in Latin American populations.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mirka Daniela Orellana Sanchez, Roberto Arnaldo Ponce Pincay, Nathaly Lizbeth Orozco Reyes, Jennifer Karolina Ocampos Medina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
