Prevalencia y diagnóstico de anemia en pacientes dializados a nivel mundial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/unesum-salud.v3.n2.2024.108-119Palabras clave:
Enfermedad renal, Hemodiálisis, Hemoglobina, HierroResumen
La anemia es una complicación frecuente en la enfermedad renal crónica y se asocia a una menor calidad de vida y a un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. La anemia de la enfermedad renal crónica es multifactorial y puede ser causada por una disminución de la producción de eritropoyetina por las células intersticiales peritubulares del riñón, mayores niveles circulantes de inhibidores de la eritropoyetina inducidos por la uremia, menor vida útil de los glóbulos rojos y deficiencia relativa de hierro. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de anemia en personas con enfermedad renal crónica que acuden a diálisis, además de describir los métodos de diagnóstico y las comorbilidades presentes en estos pacientes. La metodología se basó en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de tipo descriptiva. En los resultados se presentó una gran variabilidad en la prevalencia de casos según los países evaluados oscilando entre el 10% como en China y el 85% en Pakistán. En los métodos de diagnóstico destacan el uso de la hemoglobina y del perfil de hierro. En las comorbilidades la diabetes y la hipertensión arterial fueron las más prevalentes. En conclusión, estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de enfoques integrales que incluyan la detección temprana de anemia, el manejo de comorbilidades y la implementación de protocolos diagnósticos uniformes para mejorar la atención y los desenlaces clínicos en esta población vulnerable.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Coralía Zambrano Macías, Gissela Karina Rodríguez Palma, Heidy Mabel Garcia Viteri, Mercedes del Rocío Sánchez Baque
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
