Estrategias educativas para la prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/unesum-salud.v5.n1.2026.72-83Palabras clave:
Adolescentes, Estrategias de salud global, Intervención educativa, Factores de riesgo, Prevención primariaResumen
Las estrategias educativas en la prevención de sustancias psicoactivas en la población adolescente, constituyen una de las prioridades esenciales para salvaguardar el cuidado y desarrollo integral en esta etapa crítica. La educación no solo actúa como un canal de trasmisión de información sino como un motor de transformación social. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia científica existente sobre las diversas estrategias educativas implementadas para la prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño documental retrospectivo mediante una revisión sistemática de los últimos cinco años 2021-2025. La búsqueda se realizo en base de datos indexadas como PubMed, Wb of Science, Science Direct y Scopus en idioma español, portugués e inglés, para la pregunta de investigación se optó por la estrategia PICO. Se incluyeron estudios dirigidos a la población adolescente que abordaron los temas centrales de la investigación, la búsqueda se realizó mediante descriptores de la salud DeCS y MeSH, combinados con operadores booleanos. El proceso de selección se desarrollo siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA con un total de 20 artículos para la investigación. Los resultados identifican que las intervenciones basadas en rasgos de personalidad, salud digital y habilidades psicosociales presentan la mayor eficacia, destacando así el fortalecimiento de la comunicación familiar y la actividad física como factores protectores. Se concluye, que la prevención eficaz requiere modelos multidimensionales que integran habilidades psicosociales, tecnología y participación familiar.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Dolores Mirella Cedeño Holguín, Ariana Briggite Pibaque Tumbaco , Jeremy Alexander Pilay Pillasagua, Sharik Soley Pillasagua Barrezueta
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
