RELACIÓN DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL CON LA MICROBIOTA VAGINAL A NIVEL MUNDIAL
Palabras clave:
Disbiosis, Probióticos, Salud femenina.Resumen
La microbiota intestinal y vaginal son ecosistemas microbianos complejos que desempeñan funciones esenciales en la salud femenina, influyendo en procesos metabólicos, inmunológicos y reproductivos. El objeto de estudio fue analizar la relación de la microbiota intestinal con la microbiota vaginal a nivel mundial. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva y documental, consultando 48 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en bases de datos científicas (SciELO, PubMed, Redalyc, ScienceDirect, Web of Science y Google Académico), seleccionados según criterios de inclusión y exclusión predefinidos, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Los resultados evidenciaron que una microbiota intestinal saludable está dominada por Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium y Prevotella, mientras que la presencia de Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori y Enterobacteriaceae se asocia con disbiosis; los principales factores de riesgo incluyen dietas ricas en grasas y azúcares, uso de antibióticos y estrés crónico. En la microbiota vaginal, la pérdida de Lactobacillus crispatus y el aumento de Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia y Candida albicans se relacionan con vaginosis bacteriana, candidiasis y parto prematuro, siendo factores de riesgo las prácticas sexuales sin protección, cambios hormonales y pH elevado. Se identificó una asociación significativa entre la disbiosis de ambas microbiotas y enfermedades metabólicas, ginecológicas, autoinmunes y neurológicas. En conclusión, la relación entre la microbiota intestinal y vaginal influye de manera determinante en la salud femenina, y su alteración constituye un factor de riesgo transversal para diversas patologías, lo que justifica el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas basadas en el restablecimiento del equilibrio microbiano.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Arianna Nicole Zavala Hoppe
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
