Análisis de la aplicación de genómica en la restauración ecológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/agrosilvicultura.medioambiente.v1.n2.2023.74-82Palabras clave:
Edición del genoma, disturbios, genes, genomas, meta-ómica, regeneración ecológicaResumen
Los ecosistemas están expuestos a diferentes presiones, tanto de origen natural como antrópico, afectando la biodiversidad y disminuyendo las funciones de los servicios ecosistémicos, la restauración mediante programas ha mostrado deficiencias en los ecosistemas fragmentados, al respecto diferentes estudios han demostrado que la aplicación de genómica puede aumentar las probabilidades de restauración. La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo analizar la aplicación de genómica en la restauración ecológica, las técnicas genómicas ofrecen lo necesario para potencializar los organismos vivos para la restauración de ecosistemas y funciones ecológicas, mediante las herramientas genómicas de poblaciones acceden al estudio de mejoramiento del genotipo y la representación del genoma, meta-ómica permite caracterizar diferentes grupos taxonómicos mediante la secuenciación de ADN o ARN, la edición del genoma atribuye la modificación y potencialización de nuevos genotipos obteniendo la capacidad de mejorar las probabilidades de regeneración en un ecosistema perturbado de acuerdo a los objetivos del programa de restauración, en conclusión la genómica para la restauración ecológica tiene el potencial para regenerar los ecosistemas afectados por disturbios, aunque puede presentar limitaciones en función a procedimientos logísticos, adquisición de equipos tecnológicos, incluso con el genotipo del organismo vivo, y transmisión de patógenos.
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