Influencia del cambio climático en flora y fauna marina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47230/agrosilvicultura.medioambiente.v4.n1.2026.45-56Keywords:
Biodiversidad, Vulnerabilidad, ExtinciónAbstract
Se realizó un análisis del impacto del cambio climático sobre la flora y fauna marina a través de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió conocer la tendencia actual en torno a la perturbación que este fenómeno está provocando en lo organismos. Con base en lo anterior, este trabajo determinó el impacto del cambio climático en la flora y fauna marina, mostrando los cambios y procesos comportamentales que las especies están experimentando. Se determinó que los organismos marinos tienen una hipersensibilidad a la variabilidad de temperatura, cuyo indicador revela un calentamiento progresivo del agua a consecuencia de la acumulación de CO₂, que resulta de la alteración adicional de otros parámetros como la salinidad, PH, acidificación, disminución de oxígeno, entre otros. Esto ha provocado un estrés fisiológico en las especies y cambios en los procesos metabólicos para responder a tales perturbaciones, moviéndose hacia aguas más profundas y frías y latitudes altas. Otros resultados muestran un aumento en la competencia interespecífica por recursos, ocasionando extirpaciones o extinciones forzadas como consecuencia de la presión que ejercen especies mayores o generalistas menos afectadas por el cambio climático como el caso de los grandes mamíferos que están desplazando a otras especies en el hemisferio norte y la reducción del tamaño en peces debido al estrés metabólico por la carencia de oxígeno marino.
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